A long-awaited, contemporary revision and expansion of the classic 1977 text by Paul Nordoff and Clive Robbins that laid the foundations for the widening development of their improvisational practice of music therapy. It is a book to be listened to as much as read—its informative content is to be gained primarily through the ear. The original edition—the first music therapy text to make audio recordings of therapy sessions publicly available—contained one hour of recordings. The revised edition includes almost five hours of clinical work on four CDs. The 168 annotated excerpts taken from courses of improvisational music therapy with twenty-four variously disabled children present a kaleidoscopic range of creative musical-clinical phenomena. The book is essentially practical in its orientation and deals with the topic of applied clinical musicianship throughout. The recordings communicate a music-centered approach and exemplify creative dynamics and dimensions in piano and vocal technique. Musical proficiencies are identified. The implementation and effects of a wide variety of musical resources and styles are demonstrated. Writing to frame and interpret the core audio content, the authors present in Part 1 the philosophy of their approach, in Part 2 they trace developmental processes in their clients, and in Part 3 illustrate and discuss clinical and musical technique broadly and in detail. In Part 4, scales of assessment augment the understanding of processes in music therapy in the areas of relationship, communicativeness, and musicing itself—and offer what is essentially a taxonomy of interactive musical involvement. Part 5 concludes the book with a comprehensive chapter of improvisational exercises, techniques, and resources. The revision was made by Clive Robbins in collaboration with colleagues in the Nordoff-Robbins Centers in New York and London